I thought it wasnt but incels on reddit told me it is
existing is soy
D
no, not everything is soy
"No" -serge
No, man.
No (100 emoji)
D
Nah it's fun, tbh. Don't take yourself seriously, that's a recipe for disaster.
D
Truer words have never been spoken.
D
nope
No.
Emojis were created to convey what words, by themselves, cannot do; that is, emotions, intensity, etc.
For instance, this means two different things:
Hello
and,
Hello
If your intention is to convey emotions and intensity through text, it is not soy to use emojis.
Emojis were created to convey what words, by themselves, cannot do; that is, emotions, intensity, etc.
For instance, this means two different things:
Hello
and,
Hello
If your intention is to convey emotions and intensity through text, it is not soy to use emojis.
I just don't like how overused they are
No
depends on emoji
Based
D
T
Calling them emojis is soy. Before normies fagged up the internet we had emojis too - they were called EMOTICONS.
D
Michael Polanyi IQNo.
Emojis were created to convey what words, by themselves, cannot do; that is, emotions, intensity, etc.
For instance, this means two different things:
Hello
and,
Hello
If your intention is to convey emotions and intensity through text, it is not soy to use emojis.
D
Basically this tbh.No.
Emojis were created to convey what words, by themselves, cannot do; that is, emotions, intensity, etc.
For instance, this means two different things:
Hello
and,
Hello
If your intention is to convey emotions and intensity through text, it is not soy to use emojis.
Regular phone emojis are definitely soy
wrong
Yeah they're not actually soy but most of the time peope using phone emojis are soy so it just has a soy image attached to it
Maybe
Anything under the sun is soy
NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Just can't just use emojis, that's soy Haha froggy goes 
so its confirmed not soy.
Im gonna tell those redditfags that they are complete faggots
Im gonna tell those redditfags that they are complete faggots
Its not
D
No
T
Emoji (Japanese: 絵文字（えもじ）, English: /ɪˈmoʊdʒiː/; Japanese: [emodʑi]; singular emoji, plural emoji or emojis[1]) are ideograms and smileys used in electronic messages and web pages. Some examples of emoji are , , and . Emoji exist in various genres, including facial expressions, common objects, places and types of weather, and animals. They are much like emoticons, but emoji are pictures rather than typographic approximations; the term "emoji" in the strict sense refers to such pictures which can be represented as encoded characters, but it is sometimes applied to messaging stickers by extension.[2] Originally meaning pictograph, the word emoji comes from Japanese e (絵, "picture") + moji (文字, "character"); the resemblance to the English words emotion and emoticon is purely coincidental.[3] The ISO 15924 script code for emoji is Zsye.
Originating on Japanese mobile phones in 1997, emoji became increasingly popular worldwide in the 2010s after being added to several mobile operating systems.[4][5][6] They are now considered to be a large part of popular culture in the West.[7] In 2015, Oxford Dictionaries named the Face with Tears of Joy emoji () the Word of the Year.[8][9]
Contents
- 1 History
- 2 Emoji communication problems
- 3 Emoji versus text presentation
- 4 Skin color
- 5 Joining
- 6 Unicode blocks
- 7 Implementation
- 8 In popular culture
- 9 See also
- 10 References
- 11 External links
The origin of Emoji pictograms (1990s)
| Unicode version history | |
|---|---|
| Emoji | |
| Symbol sets | Emoji |
| Assigned | 1,329 code points |
| 1.0.0 | 81 (+81) |
| 3.0 | 83 (+2) |
| 3.2 | 91 (+8) |
| 4.0 | 99 (+8) |
| 4.1 | 116 (+17) |
| 5.1 | 120 (+4) |
| 5.2 | 148 (+28) |
| 6.0 | 870 (+722) |
| 6.1 | 883 (+13) |
| 7.0 | 989 (+106) |
| 8.0 | 1,019 (+30) |
| 9.0 | 1,091 (+72) |
| 10.0 | 1,147 (+56) |
| 11.0 | 1,213 (+66) |
| 12.0 | 1,274 (+61) |
| 13.0 | 1,329 (+55) |
| Note: These counts are for emoji that are single Unicode characters;[10][11] many more emoji are composed of sequences of two or more characters.[12] Emoji were first defined in Unicode 6.0, and pre-6.0 characters were only defined as emoji in 6.0 or later. |
The emoji was predated by the emoticon,[13] a basic text-based version of the now established Unicode emoji language and likely took inspiration from pictograms. Numerous attempts in the 1990s were made in Europe, Japan, and the United States to enhance the basic emoticon to make it more desirable for use.[14][15] The emoji is based on the premise of using text markers to form images. This dates back to the 1960s, when Russian novelist and professor Vladimir Nabokov stated in an interview with The New York Times "I often think there should exist a special typographical sign for a smile — some sort of concave mark, a supine round bracket."[16] However, it wasn't until the 1980s when computer scientist Scott Fahlman invented the emoticon, by suggesting that
and :-( could replace language.[17]In the early 1990s, there were a number of digital smileys and emoticons that were used in fonts, pictograms, graphical representations, and even welcome messages. The font Wingdings, designed and used on Microsoft platforms, used smiley and sad faces in its language and first appeared on Windows and other Microsoft platforms from 1990 onwards. In late 1995, it was announced in the French newspaper, Le Monde, that telecoms company Alcatel would be launching a mobile phone to be released in 1996. The newspaper article displays the BC 600, with the welcome screen displaying a digital smiley face.[18] Versions of the Nokia phone also contained sets of graphics, which in 2001 they were still referring to as smileys.[citation needed]
Numerous claims have been made to who invented the first emoji. Those making the claims drew inspiration from many sources, including pictograms and symbols, smileys and digital interpretations of language. Some of the precursors to the emoji can include theories by both Vladimir Nabokov and Scott Fahlman. One of the more notable claims was by Shigetaka Kurita in 1999.[19][20] Kurita created a set of emojis while working on NTT DoCoMo's i-mode Mobile web platform.[21] According to interviews, he took inspiration from weather pictograms, used to depict the weather conditions at any given time. He also drew inspiration from Chinese characters and street sign pictograms.[21][22][23] Kurita's work is now displayed in the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.[24]
Emojipedia released findings in early 2019 stating they believed a set of 90 emojis for the J-Phone, predated Kurita's design. Known as the SoftBank emoji set, they predicted it dated back to 1997. The set was first released on Japan's J-Phone and is the first phone known to contain a set of emojis as part of its typeface. Many of the images would later be included in the Unicode Standard, such as Pile of Poo. The J-Phone didn't sell well due to its high retail price and therefore mass-market adoption didn't take place at the time.[25] The first set of emojis by SoftBank contained no color, unlike Kurita's which did use color. Both sets were made up of generic images that depicted, numbers, sports, the time, moon phases and the weather. Both Kurita and SoftBank's designs were 12 x 12 pixels emoji pictograms.[26]
Japan was the first country to widely adopt the early emoji sets for use on mobile phones. Japanese mobile operators NTT DoCoMo, au, and SoftBank Mobile (formerly Vodafone) all implemented emoji sets in the late 1990s to their phones. These companies each defined their own variants of emoji using proprietary standards. The first set of 176 12×12 pixel emoji was created as part of i-mode's messaging features to help facilitate electronic communication, and to serve as a distinguishing feature from other services.[4] Kurita created the first 180 emoji based on the expressions that he observed people making and other things in the city.[23]
Various, often incompatible, character encoding schemes were developed by different mobile providers in Japan for their own emoji sets. When transmitted in Shift JIS on NTT DoCoMo, emoji symbols are specified as a two-byte sequence in the range F89F through F9FC. The basic specification has 176 symbols, with 76 more added in phones that support C-HTML 4.0.[27] Emoji pictograms by Japanese mobile phone brand Au by KDDI are specified using the IMG tag,[citation needed] encoded in Shift JIS between F340 and F7FC,[28][29] or encoded in extended JIS X 0208 between 7521 and 7B73.[29] SoftBank Mobile emoji support colors and animation, and use different formats on 2G versus 3G:[30] in the 2G format, they are encoded in sequences using the Escape and Shift In control characters, whereas in the 3G format, they are encoded in Shift JIS between F741 and FBDE.[28][29] The SoftBank 3G format collides with the overlapping ranges used by the other vendors: for example, the Shift JIS representation F797 is used for a convenience store () by SoftBank, but for a wristwatch (
️) by KDDI.[28][29]DoCoMo[29] and SoftBank[31] also developed their own schemes for representing their emoji sets in extended JIS X 0208 between 7522 and 7E38. These often matched the encodings of similar KDDI emoji where they existed: for example, the camera () was represented in Shift JIS as F8E2 by DoCoMo, F6EE by KDDI, and F948 by SoftBank, but as 7670 in JIS by all three.[29][31] All three vendors also developed schemes for encoding their emoji in the Unicode Private Use Area: DoCoMo, for example, used the range U+E63E through U+E757.[29]
Development of emoji sets (2000–2009)
The basic 12x12 pixel emoji in Japan grew in popularity across various platforms over the next decade. This was aided by the introduction of i-mode, which for many was the origins of the smartphone. i-mode also saw the introduction of emojis in conversation form on messenger apps. By 2004, i-mode had 40 million subscribers, meaning numerous people were exposed to the emoji for the first time between 2000 and 2004. The popularity of i-mode led to other manufacturers competing with similar offerings and therefore developed their own emoji sets. While emoji adoption was high in Japan during this time, the companies failed to collaborate and come up with a uniform set of emojis to be used across all platforms in the country.[32]
The Universal Coded Character Set (Unicode), overseen by the Unicode Consortium and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2, had been established as the international standard for text representation (ISO/IEC 10646) since 1993, although variants of Shift JIS remained relatively common in Japan. Unicode included several characters which would subsequently be classified as emoji, including some from North American or Western European sources such as ITC Zapf Dingbats or DOS code page 437,[33] but had not incorporated the Japanese cellular emoji characters. Unicode's coverage of written characters was extended several times by new editions during the 2000s, with little interest in incorporating the Japanese cellular emoji sets, although symbol characters which would subsequently be classified as emoji continued to be added. For example, Unicode 4.0 release contained 16 new emojis, which included direction arrows, a warning triangle, and an eject button.[34]
Additionally, other dingbat fonts such as Wingdings or Webdings included additional pictographic symbols in custom pi font encodings. For example, a national park pictogram () was available in Webdings at 0x50, corresponding to the capital letter P in ASCII. Unlike Zapf Dingbats, many of these would not be available as Unicode emoji until 2014.[35]
The Smiley Company developed The Smiley Dictionary, which was launched in 2001. The desktop platform was aimed at allowing people to insert smileys as text when sending emails and writing on a desktop computer.[36] The smiley toolbar offered a variety of symbols and smileys and was used on platforms such as MSN Messenger.[37] Nokia as one of the largest telecoms companies globally at the time, were still referring to today's emoji sets as smileys in 2001.[citation needed] The digital smiley movement was headed up by Nicolas Loufrani, the CEO of The Smiley Company.[36] He created a smiley toolbar, which was available at smileydictionary.com during the early 2000s to be sent as emojis are today.[38]
Mobile providers in both the United States and Europe began discussions on how to introduce their own emoji sets from 2004 onwards. It wasn't until Google employees requested that Unicode look into the possibility of a uniform emoji set did many companies begin to take the emoji seriously. Apple quickly followed and began to collaborate with not only Google, but also providers in Europe and Japan. In August 2007, Mark Davis and his colleagues Kat Momoi and Markus Scherer wrote the first draft for consideration by the Unicode Technical Committee to introduce emojis into the Unicode standard. Peter Edberg and Yasuo Kida joined the collaborative efforts from Apple Inc. shortly after and the official UTC proposal as co-authors came in January 2009.
Separately, a proposal had been submitted in 2008 to add the ARIB extended characters used in broadcasting in Japan to Unicode. This included several pictographic symbols.[39] These were added in Unicode 5.2 in 2009, a year before the cellular emoji sets were fully added; they include several characters which either also appeared amongst the cellular emoji[29] or were subsequently classified as emoji.[40]
Throughout 2009, members of the Unicode Consortium and national standardization bodies of various countries gave feedback and proposed changes to the international standardization of the emoji. The feedback from various bodies in the United States, Europe, and Japan agreed on a set of 722 emojis as the standard set, which would be released in 2010 as Unicode 6.0.[41]
Modern-day emojis (2010–present)
The introduction of the new emojis by Unicode in 2009, saw the introduction of some of the most notable emojis used today. The introduction of the new emojis had numerous teething issues, with feedback from many on the cultural differences between different countries and also the misuse. Famously, both the peach and the eggplant were used for other meanings and others were often used for criminal purposes. This led to the gun emoji getting removed and replaced with a water gun.[citation needed]
The popularity of emoji has caused pressure from vendors and international markets to add additional designs into the Unicode standard to meet the demands of different cultures. Unicode 7.0 added approximately 250 emoji, many from the Webdings and Wingdings fonts.[35] Some characters now defined as emoji are inherited from a variety of pre-Unicode messenger systems not only used in Japan, including Yahoo and MSN Messenger.[42] Unicode 8.0 added another 41 emoji, including articles of sports equipment such as the cricket bat, food items such as the taco, signs of the Zodiac, new facial expressions, and symbols for places of worship.[43] Corporate demand for emoji standardization has placed pressures on the Unicode Consortium, with some members complaining that it had overtaken the group's traditional focus on standardizing characters used for minority languages and transcribing historical records.[44]
Emoji characters vary slightly between platforms within the limits in meaning defined by the Unicode specification, as companies have tried to provide artistic presentations of ideas and objects.[45] For example, following an Apple tradition, the calendar emoji on Apple products always shows July 17, the date in 2002 Apple announced its iCal calendar application for macOS. This led some Apple product users to initially nickname July 17 "World Emoji Day".[46] Other emoji fonts show different dates or do not show a specific one.[47]
Some Apple emoji are very similar to the SoftBank standard, since SoftBank was the first Japanese netw
An emoticon (/ɪˈmoʊtɪkɒn/, i-MOHT-i-kon, rarely pronounced /ɪˈmɒtɪkɒn/),[1][2][3][4] short for "emotion icon",[5] also known simply as an emote, is a pictorial representation of a facial expression using characters—usually punctuation marks, numbers, and letters—to express a person's feelings or mood, or as a time-saving method. The first ASCII emoticons,
and :-(, were written by Scott Fahlman in 1982, but emoticons actually originated on the PLATO IV computer system in 1972.[6]In Western countries, emoticons are usually written at a right angle to the direction of the text. Users from Japan popularized a kind of emoticon called kaomoji (顔文字; lit. 顔(kao)=face, 文字(moji)=character(s)), utilizing the Katakana character set, that can be understood without tilting one's head to the left. This style arose on ASCII NET of Japan in 1986.[7][8]
As SMS and the internet became widespread in the late 1990s, emoticons became increasingly popular and were commonly used on text messages, internet forums and e-mails. Emoticons have played a significant role in communication through technology, and some devices and applications have provided stylized pictures that do not use text punctuation. They offer another range of "tone" and feeling through texting that portrays specific emotions through facial gestures while in the midst of text-based cyber communication.[9]
Contents
- 1 History
- 2 Variety of styles
- 3 Russian smiley
- 4 Posture emoticons
- 5 Multimedia variations
- 6 Emoticons and intellectual property rights
- 7 Unicode
- 8 See also
- 9 References
- 10 Further reading
- 11 External links
Pre-emoticon
Emoticons began with the suggestion that combinations of punctuation could be used in typography to replace language. While Scott Fahlman's suggestion in the 1980s was the birth of the emoticon, it wasn't the first occasion that
or was used in language.[10]In 1648, poet Robert Herrick included the lines:
:Tumble me down, and I will sit
:Upon my ruins, (smiling yet
Herrick's work predated any other recorded use of brackets as a smiling face by around 200 years. However, experts have since weighed whether the inclusion of the colon in the poem was deliberate and if it was meant to represent a smiling face. English professor Alan Jacobs argued "punctuation in general was unsettled in the seventeenth century... Herrick was unlikely to have consistent punctuational practices himself, and even if he did he couldn't expect either his printers or his readers to share them."[11]
Alleged use of emoticon by The New York Times, in 1862
Many different forms of communication are now seen as precursors to emoticons and more recently emojis. The use of emoticons can be traced back to the 17th century, drawn by a Slovak notary to indicate his satisfaction with the state of his town's municipal financial records in 1635,[12] but they were commonly used in casual and humorous writing. Digital forms of emoticons on the Internet were included in a proposal by Scott Fahlman of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania, in a message on September 19, 1982.[13][14]
The National Telegraphic Review and Operators Guide in April 1857 documented the use of the number 73 in Morse code to express "love and kisses" (later reduced to the more formal "best regards"). Dodge's Manual in 1908 documented the reintroduction of "love and kisses" as the number 88. Gajadhar and Green comment that both Morse code abbreviations are more succinct than modern abbreviations such as LOL.[15] Aside from morse code, other communication tools such as generic prosigns were seen by some as an evolution of language. The first time an emoticon appeared in text was in the transcript of one of Abraham Lincoln's speeches written in 1862. It contained the following:
(applause and laughter
According to the New York Times, there has been some debate whether the emoticon in Abraham Lincoln's speech was a typo, a legitimate punctuation construct, or the first emoticon.[16] In the late 1800s, the first emoticons were created as an art form in the U.S. satirical magazine Puck. In total, four different emoticon designs were displayed, all using punctuation to create different typographical emoticon faces. The emoticon designs were similar to that which formed many years later in Japan, often referred to as "Kaomoji", due to their complicated design.[17] Despite the innovation, complex emoticons didn't develop in Japan until nearly a century later. In 1912, American author Ambrose Bierce was the first to suggest that a bracket could be used to represent a smiling face. He stated, "an improvement in punctuation – the snigger point, or note of cachinnation: it is written thus ‿ and presents a smiling mouth. It is to be appended, with the full stop, to every jocular or ironical sentence".[18]
Emoticons published in the March 30, 1881 issue of Puck.[17]
Following this breakthrough statement, other writers and linguistic experts began to put out theories as to how punctuations could be used in collections to represent a face. Moving on from Bierce's theory that a horizontal brackets could be used for a smiling face, Alan Gregg was the first recorded person to suggest that by combining punctuation marks, more elaborate emotions could be demonstrated. There is an argument that this was the first real set of emoticons, despite later designs becoming the standard for emoticons. Gregg published his theory in 1936, in an Harvard Lampoon article. He suggested that by turning the bracket sideways, it could be used for the sides of the mouth or cheeks, with other punctuation used between the brackets to display various emotions. Gregg's theory took the step of creating more than one smiling face, with (-) for a normal smile and (--) for a laughing smile. The logic behind the design was that more teeth were showing on the wider design. Two other emoticons were proposed in the article, with (#) for a frown and (*) for a wink.[19]
Emoticons had already come into use in sci-fi fandom in the 1940s,[20] although there seems to have been a lapse in cultural continuity between the communities.
The September 1962 issue of MAD magazine included an article titled "Typewri-toons". The piece, featuring typewriter-generated artwork credited to "Royal Portable", was entirely made up of repurposed typography, including a capital letter P having a bigger bust than a capital I, a lowercase b and d discussing their pregnancies, an asterisk on top of a letter to indicate the letter had just come inside from a snowfall, and a classroom of lowercase n's interrupted by a lowercase h "raising its hand".[21] Two additional "Typewri-toons" articles subsequently appeared in Mad, in 1965 and 1987.
Creation of
and :-(The word is a portmanteau word of the English words "emotion" and "icon". In web forums, instant messengers and online games, text emoticons are often automatically replaced with small corresponding images, which came to be called "emoticons" as well. Emoticons for a smiley face
and sad face :-( appear in the first documented use in digital form. Certain complex character combinations can only be accomplished in non-Latin scripts, giving rise to especially complex forms, sometimes known by their romanized Japanese name of kaomoji.In a New York Times interview in April 1969, Alden Whitman asked writer Vladimir Nabokov: "How do you rank yourself among writers (living) and of the immediate past?" Nabokov answered: "I often think there should exist a special typographical sign for a smile – some sort of concave mark, a supine round bracket, which I would now like to trace in reply to your question."[22]
Up until this point, many of the designs considered to be early emoticons were created using fairly basic punctuation, using a single punctuation mark instead of a word or to express feeling, before individuals started combining two punctuations (often a colon and bracket) to create something that resembled a smiling face.[23]
Scott Fahlman is considered to be the first person to create the first true emoticon as he began to experiment with using multiple punctuation marks to display emotion and replace language. He is the first documented person to use a complex emoticon of three or more punctuation marks, with
and :-( with a specific suggestion that they be used to express emotion. Not only did Fahlman create two different emoticons, he also said with the emoticons that they could be used to express emotion. While Nabokov had suggested something similar to Fahlman, there was little analysis of the wider consideration of what Nabokov could do with the design. Fahlman on the other hand quickly theorized that his emoticons could be designed to replace language on a large scale. The two designs of colon, hyphen and bracket were also adapted very quickly to portray a range of emotions, therefore creating the first true set of emoticons.[24]The message from Fahlman was sent via the Carnegie Mellon University computer science general board on September 19, 1982. The conversation was taking place between many notable computer scientists, including David Touretzky, Guy Steele, and Jaime Carbonell. The messaging transcript was considered to have been lost, before it was recovered 20 years later by Jeff Baird from old backup tapes.[13]
19-Sep-82 11:44 Scott E Fahlman
From: Scott E Fahlman <Fahlman at Cmu-20c>
I propose that the following character sequence for joke markers:
Read it sideways. Actually, it is probably more economical to mark
things that are NOT jokes, given current trends. For this, use
:-(
Within a few months, it had spread to the ARPANET[25] and Usenet.[26] Many variations on the theme were immediately suggested by Scott and others.
You’re a foid right?NO
T
Bookmarked, earmarked, pockmarked, and swept under the rug.Emoji (Japanese: 絵文字（えもじ）, English: /ɪˈmoʊdʒiː/; Japanese: [emodʑi]; singular emoji, plural emoji or emojis[1]) are ideograms and smileys used in electronic messages and web pages. Some examples of emoji are , , and . Emoji exist in various genres, including facial expressions, common objects, places and types of weather, and animals. They are much like emoticons, but emoji are pictures rather than typographic approximations; the term "emoji" in the strict sense refers to such pictures which can be represented as encoded characters, but it is sometimes applied to messaging stickers by extension.[2] Originally meaning pictograph, the word emoji comes from Japanese e (絵, "picture") + moji (文字, "character"); the resemblance to the English words emotion and emoticon is purely coincidental.[3] The ISO 15924 script code for emoji is Zsye.
Originating on Japanese mobile phones in 1997, emoji became increasingly popular worldwide in the 2010s after being added to several mobile operating systems.[4][5][6] They are now considered to be a large part of popular culture in the West.[7] In 2015, Oxford Dictionaries named the Face with Tears of Joy emoji () the Word of the Year.[8][9]
Contents
History
- 1 History
- 2 Emoji communication problems
- 3 Emoji versus text presentation
- 4 Skin color
- 5 Joining
- 6 Unicode blocks
- 7 Implementation
- 8 In popular culture
- 9 See also
- 10 References
- 11 External links
The origin of Emoji pictograms (1990s)
Emoji Unicode version history Symbol sets Emoji Assigned 1,329 code points 1.0.0 81 (+81) 3.0 83 (+2) 3.2 91 (+8) 4.0 99 (+8) 4.1 116 (+17) 5.1 120 (+4) 5.2 148 (+28) 6.0 870 (+722) 6.1 883 (+13) 7.0 989 (+106) 8.0 1,019 (+30) 9.0 1,091 (+72) 10.0 1,147 (+56) 11.0 1,213 (+66) 12.0 1,274 (+61) 13.0 1,329 (+55) Note: These counts are for emoji that are single Unicode characters;[10][11] many more emoji are composed of sequences of two or more characters.[12] Emoji were first defined in Unicode 6.0, and pre-6.0 characters were only defined as emoji in 6.0 or later.
The emoji was predated by the emoticon,[13] a basic text-based version of the now established Unicode emoji language and likely took inspiration from pictograms. Numerous attempts in the 1990s were made in Europe, Japan, and the United States to enhance the basic emoticon to make it more desirable for use.[14][15] The emoji is based on the premise of using text markers to form images. This dates back to the 1960s, when Russian novelist and professor Vladimir Nabokov stated in an interview with The New York Times "I often think there should exist a special typographical sign for a smile — some sort of concave mark, a supine round bracket."[16] However, it wasn't until the 1980s when computer scientist Scott Fahlman invented the emoticon, by suggesting that
In the early 1990s, there were a number of digital smileys and emoticons that were used in fonts, pictograms, graphical representations, and even welcome messages. The font Wingdings, designed and used on Microsoft platforms, used smiley and sad faces in its language and first appeared on Windows and other Microsoft platforms from 1990 onwards. In late 1995, it was announced in the French newspaper, Le Monde, that telecoms company Alcatel would be launching a mobile phone to be released in 1996. The newspaper article displays the BC 600, with the welcome screen displaying a digital smiley face.[18] Versions of the Nokia phone also contained sets of graphics, which in 2001 they were still referring to as smileys.[citation needed]
Numerous claims have been made to who invented the first emoji. Those making the claims drew inspiration from many sources, including pictograms and symbols, smileys and digital interpretations of language. Some of the precursors to the emoji can include theories by both Vladimir Nabokov and Scott Fahlman. One of the more notable claims was by Shigetaka Kurita in 1999.[19][20] Kurita created a set of emojis while working on NTT DoCoMo's i-mode Mobile web platform.[21] According to interviews, he took inspiration from weather pictograms, used to depict the weather conditions at any given time. He also drew inspiration from Chinese characters and street sign pictograms.[21][22][23] Kurita's work is now displayed in the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.[24]
Emojipedia released findings in early 2019 stating they believed a set of 90 emojis for the J-Phone, predated Kurita's design. Known as the SoftBank emoji set, they predicted it dated back to 1997. The set was first released on Japan's J-Phone and is the first phone known to contain a set of emojis as part of its typeface. Many of the images would later be included in the Unicode Standard, such as Pile of Poo. The J-Phone didn't sell well due to its high retail price and therefore mass-market adoption didn't take place at the time.[25] The first set of emojis by SoftBank contained no color, unlike Kurita's which did use color. Both sets were made up of generic images that depicted, numbers, sports, the time, moon phases and the weather. Both Kurita and SoftBank's designs were 12 x 12 pixels emoji pictograms.[26]
Japan was the first country to widely adopt the early emoji sets for use on mobile phones. Japanese mobile operators NTT DoCoMo, au, and SoftBank Mobile (formerly Vodafone) all implemented emoji sets in the late 1990s to their phones. These companies each defined their own variants of emoji using proprietary standards. The first set of 176 12×12 pixel emoji was created as part of i-mode's messaging features to help facilitate electronic communication, and to serve as a distinguishing feature from other services.[4] Kurita created the first 180 emoji based on the expressions that he observed people making and other things in the city.[23]
Various, often incompatible, character encoding schemes were developed by different mobile providers in Japan for their own emoji sets. When transmitted in Shift JIS on NTT DoCoMo, emoji symbols are specified as a two-byte sequence in the range F89F through F9FC. The basic specification has 176 symbols, with 76 more added in phones that support C-HTML 4.0.[27] Emoji pictograms by Japanese mobile phone brand Au by KDDI are specified using the IMG tag,[citation needed] encoded in Shift JIS between F340 and F7FC,[28][29] or encoded in extended JIS X 0208 between 7521 and 7B73.[29] SoftBank Mobile emoji support colors and animation, and use different formats on 2G versus 3G:[30] in the 2G format, they are encoded in sequences using the Escape and Shift In control characters, whereas in the 3G format, they are encoded in Shift JIS between F741 and FBDE.[28][29] The SoftBank 3G format collides with the overlapping ranges used by the other vendors: for example, the Shift JIS representation F797 is used for a convenience store () by SoftBank, but for a wristwatch (
DoCoMo[29] and SoftBank[31] also developed their own schemes for representing their emoji sets in extended JIS X 0208 between 7522 and 7E38. These often matched the encodings of similar KDDI emoji where they existed: for example, the camera () was represented in Shift JIS as F8E2 by DoCoMo, F6EE by KDDI, and F948 by SoftBank, but as 7670 in JIS by all three.[29][31] All three vendors also developed schemes for encoding their emoji in the Unicode Private Use Area: DoCoMo, for example, used the range U+E63E through U+E757.[29]
Development of emoji sets (2000–2009)
The basic 12x12 pixel emoji in Japan grew in popularity across various platforms over the next decade. This was aided by the introduction of i-mode, which for many was the origins of the smartphone. i-mode also saw the introduction of emojis in conversation form on messenger apps. By 2004, i-mode had 40 million subscribers, meaning numerous people were exposed to the emoji for the first time between 2000 and 2004. The popularity of i-mode led to other manufacturers competing with similar offerings and therefore developed their own emoji sets. While emoji adoption was high in Japan during this time, the companies failed to collaborate and come up with a uniform set of emojis to be used across all platforms in the country.[32]
The Universal Coded Character Set (Unicode), overseen by the Unicode Consortium and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2, had been established as the international standard for text representation (ISO/IEC 10646) since 1993, although variants of Shift JIS remained relatively common in Japan. Unicode included several characters which would subsequently be classified as emoji, including some from North American or Western European sources such as ITC Zapf Dingbats or DOS code page 437,[33] but had not incorporated the Japanese cellular emoji characters. Unicode's coverage of written characters was extended several times by new editions during the 2000s, with little interest in incorporating the Japanese cellular emoji sets, although symbol characters which would subsequently be classified as emoji continued to be added. For example, Unicode 4.0 release contained 16 new emojis, which included direction arrows, a warning triangle, and an eject button.[34]
Additionally, other dingbat fonts such as Wingdings or Webdings included additional pictographic symbols in custom pi font encodings. For example, a national park pictogram () was available in Webdings at 0x50, corresponding to the capital letter P in ASCII. Unlike Zapf Dingbats, many of these would not be available as Unicode emoji until 2014.[35]
The Smiley Company developed The Smiley Dictionary, which was launched in 2001. The desktop platform was aimed at allowing people to insert smileys as text when sending emails and writing on a desktop computer.[36] The smiley toolbar offered a variety of symbols and smileys and was used on platforms such as MSN Messenger.[37] Nokia as one of the largest telecoms companies globally at the time, were still referring to today's emoji sets as smileys in 2001.[citation needed] The digital smiley movement was headed up by Nicolas Loufrani, the CEO of The Smiley Company.[36] He created a smiley toolbar, which was available at smileydictionary.com during the early 2000s to be sent as emojis are today.[38]
Mobile providers in both the United States and Europe began discussions on how to introduce their own emoji sets from 2004 onwards. It wasn't until Google employees requested that Unicode look into the possibility of a uniform emoji set did many companies begin to take the emoji seriously. Apple quickly followed and began to collaborate with not only Google, but also providers in Europe and Japan. In August 2007, Mark Davis and his colleagues Kat Momoi and Markus Scherer wrote the first draft for consideration by the Unicode Technical Committee to introduce emojis into the Unicode standard. Peter Edberg and Yasuo Kida joined the collaborative efforts from Apple Inc. shortly after and the official UTC proposal as co-authors came in January 2009.
Separately, a proposal had been submitted in 2008 to add the ARIB extended characters used in broadcasting in Japan to Unicode. This included several pictographic symbols.[39] These were added in Unicode 5.2 in 2009, a year before the cellular emoji sets were fully added; they include several characters which either also appeared amongst the cellular emoji[29] or were subsequently classified as emoji.[40]
Throughout 2009, members of the Unicode Consortium and national standardization bodies of various countries gave feedback and proposed changes to the international standardization of the emoji. The feedback from various bodies in the United States, Europe, and Japan agreed on a set of 722 emojis as the standard set, which would be released in 2010 as Unicode 6.0.[41]
Modern-day emojis (2010–present)
The introduction of the new emojis by Unicode in 2009, saw the introduction of some of the most notable emojis used today. The introduction of the new emojis had numerous teething issues, with feedback from many on the cultural differences between different countries and also the misuse. Famously, both the peach and the eggplant were used for other meanings and others were often used for criminal purposes. This led to the gun emoji getting removed and replaced with a water gun.[citation needed]
The popularity of emoji has caused pressure from vendors and international markets to add additional designs into the Unicode standard to meet the demands of different cultures. Unicode 7.0 added approximately 250 emoji, many from the Webdings and Wingdings fonts.[35] Some characters now defined as emoji are inherited from a variety of pre-Unicode messenger systems not only used in Japan, including Yahoo and MSN Messenger.[42] Unicode 8.0 added another 41 emoji, including articles of sports equipment such as the cricket bat, food items such as the taco, signs of the Zodiac, new facial expressions, and symbols for places of worship.[43] Corporate demand for emoji standardization has placed pressures on the Unicode Consortium, with some members complaining that it had overtaken the group's traditional focus on standardizing characters used for minority languages and transcribing historical records.[44]
Emoji characters vary slightly between platforms within the limits in meaning defined by the Unicode specification, as companies have tried to provide artistic presentations of ideas and objects.[45] For example, following an Apple tradition, the calendar emoji on Apple products always shows July 17, the date in 2002 Apple announced its iCal calendar application for macOS. This led some Apple product users to initially nickname July 17 "World Emoji Day".[46] Other emoji fonts show different dates or do not show a specific one.[47]
Some Apple emoji are very similar to the SoftBank standard, since SoftBank was the first Japanese netw
An emoticon (/ɪˈmoʊtɪkɒn/, i-MOHT-i-kon, rarely pronounced /ɪˈmɒtɪkɒn/),[1][2][3][4] short for "emotion icon",[5] also known simply as an emote, is a pictorial representation of a facial expression using characters—usually punctuation marks, numbers, and letters—to express a person's feelings or mood, or as a time-saving method. The first ASCII emoticons,
In Western countries, emoticons are usually written at a right angle to the direction of the text. Users from Japan popularized a kind of emoticon called kaomoji (顔文字; lit. 顔(kao)=face, 文字(moji)=character(s)), utilizing the Katakana character set, that can be understood without tilting one's head to the left. This style arose on ASCII NET of Japan in 1986.[7][8]
As SMS and the internet became widespread in the late 1990s, emoticons became increasingly popular and were commonly used on text messages, internet forums and e-mails. Emoticons have played a significant role in communication through technology, and some devices and applications have provided stylized pictures that do not use text punctuation. They offer another range of "tone" and feeling through texting that portrays specific emotions through facial gestures while in the midst of text-based cyber communication.[9]
Contents
History
- 1 History
- 2 Variety of styles
- 3 Russian smiley
- 4 Posture emoticons
- 5 Multimedia variations
- 6 Emoticons and intellectual property rights
- 7 Unicode
- 8 See also
- 9 References
- 10 Further reading
- 11 External links
Pre-emoticon
Emoticons began with the suggestion that combinations of punctuation could be used in typography to replace language. While Scott Fahlman's suggestion in the 1980s was the birth of the emoticon, it wasn't the first occasion that
In 1648, poet Robert Herrick included the lines:
:Tumble me down, and I will sit
:Upon my ruins, (smiling yet
Herrick's work predated any other recorded use of brackets as a smiling face by around 200 years. However, experts have since weighed whether the inclusion of the colon in the poem was deliberate and if it was meant to represent a smiling face. English professor Alan Jacobs argued "punctuation in general was unsettled in the seventeenth century... Herrick was unlikely to have consistent punctuational practices himself, and even if he did he couldn't expect either his printers or his readers to share them."[11]
Alleged use of emoticon by The New York Times, in 1862
Many different forms of communication are now seen as precursors to emoticons and more recently emojis. The use of emoticons can be traced back to the 17th century, drawn by a Slovak notary to indicate his satisfaction with the state of his town's municipal financial records in 1635,[12] but they were commonly used in casual and humorous writing. Digital forms of emoticons on the Internet were included in a proposal by Scott Fahlman of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania, in a message on September 19, 1982.[13][14]
The National Telegraphic Review and Operators Guide in April 1857 documented the use of the number 73 in Morse code to express "love and kisses" (later reduced to the more formal "best regards"). Dodge's Manual in 1908 documented the reintroduction of "love and kisses" as the number 88. Gajadhar and Green comment that both Morse code abbreviations are more succinct than modern abbreviations such as LOL.[15] Aside from morse code, other communication tools such as generic prosigns were seen by some as an evolution of language. The first time an emoticon appeared in text was in the transcript of one of Abraham Lincoln's speeches written in 1862. It contained the following:
(applause and laughter
According to the New York Times, there has been some debate whether the emoticon in Abraham Lincoln's speech was a typo, a legitimate punctuation construct, or the first emoticon.[16] In the late 1800s, the first emoticons were created as an art form in the U.S. satirical magazine Puck. In total, four different emoticon designs were displayed, all using punctuation to create different typographical emoticon faces. The emoticon designs were similar to that which formed many years later in Japan, often referred to as "Kaomoji", due to their complicated design.[17] Despite the innovation, complex emoticons didn't develop in Japan until nearly a century later. In 1912, American author Ambrose Bierce was the first to suggest that a bracket could be used to represent a smiling face. He stated, "an improvement in punctuation – the snigger point, or note of cachinnation: it is written thus ‿ and presents a smiling mouth. It is to be appended, with the full stop, to every jocular or ironical sentence".[18]
Emoticons published in the March 30, 1881 issue of Puck.[17]
Following this breakthrough statement, other writers and linguistic experts began to put out theories as to how punctuations could be used in collections to represent a face. Moving on from Bierce's theory that a horizontal brackets could be used for a smiling face, Alan Gregg was the first recorded person to suggest that by combining punctuation marks, more elaborate emotions could be demonstrated. There is an argument that this was the first real set of emoticons, despite later designs becoming the standard for emoticons. Gregg published his theory in 1936, in an Harvard Lampoon article. He suggested that by turning the bracket sideways, it could be used for the sides of the mouth or cheeks, with other punctuation used between the brackets to display various emotions. Gregg's theory took the step of creating more than one smiling face, with (-) for a normal smile and (--) for a laughing smile. The logic behind the design was that more teeth were showing on the wider design. Two other emoticons were proposed in the article, with (#) for a frown and (*) for a wink.[19]
Emoticons had already come into use in sci-fi fandom in the 1940s,[20] although there seems to have been a lapse in cultural continuity between the communities.
The September 1962 issue of MAD magazine included an article titled "Typewri-toons". The piece, featuring typewriter-generated artwork credited to "Royal Portable", was entirely made up of repurposed typography, including a capital letter P having a bigger bust than a capital I, a lowercase b and d discussing their pregnancies, an asterisk on top of a letter to indicate the letter had just come inside from a snowfall, and a classroom of lowercase n's interrupted by a lowercase h "raising its hand".[21] Two additional "Typewri-toons" articles subsequently appeared in Mad, in 1965 and 1987.
Creation of
The word is a portmanteau word of the English words "emotion" and "icon". In web forums, instant messengers and online games, text emoticons are often automatically replaced with small corresponding images, which came to be called "emoticons" as well. Emoticons for a smiley face
In a New York Times interview in April 1969, Alden Whitman asked writer Vladimir Nabokov: "How do you rank yourself among writers (living) and of the immediate past?" Nabokov answered: "I often think there should exist a special typographical sign for a smile – some sort of concave mark, a supine round bracket, which I would now like to trace in reply to your question."[22]
Up until this point, many of the designs considered to be early emoticons were created using fairly basic punctuation, using a single punctuation mark instead of a word or to express feeling, before individuals started combining two punctuations (often a colon and bracket) to create something that resembled a smiling face.[23]
Scott Fahlman is considered to be the first person to create the first true emoticon as he began to experiment with using multiple punctuation marks to display emotion and replace language. He is the first documented person to use a complex emoticon of three or more punctuation marks, with
The message from Fahlman was sent via the Carnegie Mellon University computer science general board on September 19, 1982. The conversation was taking place between many notable computer scientists, including David Touretzky, Guy Steele, and Jaime Carbonell. The messaging transcript was considered to have been lost, before it was recovered 20 years later by Jeff Baird from old backup tapes.[13]
19-Sep-82 11:44 Scott E Fahlman
From: Scott E Fahlman <Fahlman at Cmu-20c>
I propose that the following character sequence for joke markers:
Read it sideways. Actually, it is probably more economical to mark
things that are NOT jokes, given current trends. For this, use
:-(
Within a few months, it had spread to the ARPANET[25] and Usenet.[26] Many variations on the theme were immediately suggested by Scott and others.
No tbh
I
Depends on the type of emoji
:€
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