The old bronze age nations in the Mediterranean area, middle east and India were invaded and net defeated by Indo-European peoples during the end of the second millennium BC. These people founded the Iron age and later the big ancient empires like the Roman, Greek, Iranian and Indian empires.
It was probably the most important set of events in human history.
The Indus valley civilisation which likely used an Elamo-Dravidian language and taught it to the Austroloids of India had, like ancient Egypt, its highest period during the 3rd millennium BC. They had a population of about 5 million people at the time. This population decreased to 2 million before the Indo-Aryan invasions that lead to its collapse. They never created a written language that can be translated and thy didn't expand for the 2000+ years of existence despite being right by the north Indian plain. The Indo-Aryan Mauryan empire which was created just a few hundred years after the fall of the Indus valley civilisation had a population of 50-60 million. It extended from Pakistan and Tibet to Myanmar but not to southern India. The Mauryan empire was the direct predecessor of the Shunga Empire and the predecessor of the Gupta Empire and the whole Indosphere.
The number of Greeks at around 400 BC was 14-18 million. The population of Sub-Saharan African at 0 BC was just 7 million. There were more than twice as many Greeks as Negroes during the time of Socrates. The Roman Empire and the ancient Iranian empires are well known. These empires replaced the Egyptian and Babylonian empires which dwindled away during the last millennium BC due to Greek, Roman and Iranian conquests. Their last high periods when they weren't dominated by Indo-European powers ended the millennium before.
The Iron age began due to this expansion and colonisation of Indo-European peoples. The Iron age wasn't defined as the use of Iron but rather that Iron tools and Iron weapons were better and more common than their bronze equivalents. This Iron craft that was began by the Indo European peoples during the second millennium BC required warmer ovens and higher skill in craft than its bronze equivalent. Iron tools existed in rare designated instances but were inferior and rarer than their bronze equivalents in ancient Egypt for example.
Iran invaded the Neo-Babylonian empire in 539 BC and invaded Egypt shortly after. Egypt was colonised by Greeks and made a province in the Roman empire after that before again being conquered and annexed by Iran during the very end of the classical period. The Iranians were invited to invade by the peoples who were enslaved in the Neo-Babylonian empire. They ended slavery and introduced an evidence based justice system which was welcomed by the masses who as individuals could previously be killed by noblemen without charge. The documented written historical record was began by these Indo-European peoples. It was previously not as well or correctly documented. Much of Modern religion and philosophy, including Chinese, derives from spiritual movements during the last millennium BC.The religions of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Zoroastrianism and Hellenism were created and recorded during the middle of this period.
All were somehow derived from the proto-Indo-European religion.
The god of thunder, the king of gods in heaven was called something like "Djeu" in the proto-Indo-European language. Its name morphed as follows:
Djeu->Deus
Djeu->Zeus
Djeu->Djeur->Tyr/Tor/Thor
Djeu + Pater (latin for father) ->Jupiter
Djeu->Indjeu?->Indra
Djeu->Dreun?->Perun
You may say that increased population density and advancements in technology aren't that good as that is the pattern we see today. The population density was still quite low by modern standards. The so called bronze age collapse and the events that followed increased the world population from around 50 million during the second millennium BC to 200 million early AD along with similar events in China. This was a quadrupling but still smaller than the current population of the United States.
You may associate increased population with a disadvantage for wildlife. There is a meme that an-prim peoples like Native Americans and Austroloids were at peace with nature; if it was so, it was because they killed all animals they weren't at peace with and took the consequences. Civilised low population density nations who's leaders think long term as in centuries must be much better at caring for wildlife than nations of less intelligent analytical people who just barely had languages that can be interpreted. Cuneiform was used in most of the middle east and the ancient Egyptian language would not be solved had the ancient Greek colonisers not made the Rosetta stone on which it is written in Egyptian with hieroglyphics, Egyptian with Greek letters and in plain Greek. The languages of the Indus valley culture and southern Europe have not been solved. Linear A may be solved but it was likely used by a people who spoke an Afro-Asiatic language.
The Greek alphabet which was created by Greeks during the last millennium BC was the predecessor of the Latin, Runic, Cyrillic, Armenian and Georgian alphabets which are used in much of the world. The Pahvlavi script was used in ancient Iran and the Brahmi script which was created and spread by Indo-Aryans was the predecessor to the alphabets of the whole modern Indosphere, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand and Cambodia. Even the Tibetan alphabet is derived from the Brahmi script. The Greek-Brahmi and Chinese derived scripts are used as the primary or secondary script in all countries today.
The Arabic script is used in several nations too but it appeared later, during the first millenium AD.
You may think that this is insensitive to earlier people from these places. Arabic and Hebrew were not written until the last millennium BC. Jews were saved from the so called Babylonian captivity by Iranians and the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates were as Arabic extensions of the Iranian Sassanid Empire which stretched from Turkestan to Egypt and Anatolia. These later Semitic people would not have existed had the Indo European peoples not exploited the weakness of the middle eastern bronze age nations who vulnerable due to draught and revolts besides possible ethnic inferiority. The Islamic architecture is a mere extension of Iranian and East Roman style; he first mosque in a style associated with mosques such as the contemporary ones was built like an east roman temple. Most advancements in the medieval Arab world were made by Iranians primarily and Christian Greek people secondarily. Muslims did not become the Majority in Iran or Egypt until around 1000 AD. The new nations were also more patriarchal in practice; The Proto-Indo-European culture was patriarchal, based on patrilinearity and replaced matrilinear societies of less adaptive and less competitively viable people in Europe and other places. Matriarchies must be weaker competitively than a patriarchal culture based on innovation, conquest and expansion.
The Iron age began a bit later in China than in the new Indo-European nations. The Chinese Zhou dynasty(1046-256 BC) is the period when when the similar advancements in metallurgy, writing and philosophy were made while the advancements in expansion, documenting and diplomacy were made during the Chinese Han dynasty(202 BC-220 AD), the height of ancient Chinese civilisation during which the writing script was advanced further. Contact between China and Japan and Korea were established during this period and the Chinese script was exported there, not to be made secondary to derived indigenous scripts for many centuries.
People are taught that the so called bronze age collapse was a bit of a tragedy in which civilisation was destroyed by barbarians but the Egyptians, Babylonians, and so on must have been spared until they disappeared centuries later after colonisation and cultural influence by Greece, Rome and Iran. It was really a victory for civilisation, humanity and the world. It may be taught as a tragedy because of Jews and Jewish creations like modern white guilt and feminist women in positions of power.
It was probably the most important set of events in human history.
The Indus valley civilisation which likely used an Elamo-Dravidian language and taught it to the Austroloids of India had, like ancient Egypt, its highest period during the 3rd millennium BC. They had a population of about 5 million people at the time. This population decreased to 2 million before the Indo-Aryan invasions that lead to its collapse. They never created a written language that can be translated and thy didn't expand for the 2000+ years of existence despite being right by the north Indian plain. The Indo-Aryan Mauryan empire which was created just a few hundred years after the fall of the Indus valley civilisation had a population of 50-60 million. It extended from Pakistan and Tibet to Myanmar but not to southern India. The Mauryan empire was the direct predecessor of the Shunga Empire and the predecessor of the Gupta Empire and the whole Indosphere.
The number of Greeks at around 400 BC was 14-18 million. The population of Sub-Saharan African at 0 BC was just 7 million. There were more than twice as many Greeks as Negroes during the time of Socrates. The Roman Empire and the ancient Iranian empires are well known. These empires replaced the Egyptian and Babylonian empires which dwindled away during the last millennium BC due to Greek, Roman and Iranian conquests. Their last high periods when they weren't dominated by Indo-European powers ended the millennium before.
The Iron age began due to this expansion and colonisation of Indo-European peoples. The Iron age wasn't defined as the use of Iron but rather that Iron tools and Iron weapons were better and more common than their bronze equivalents. This Iron craft that was began by the Indo European peoples during the second millennium BC required warmer ovens and higher skill in craft than its bronze equivalent. Iron tools existed in rare designated instances but were inferior and rarer than their bronze equivalents in ancient Egypt for example.
Iran invaded the Neo-Babylonian empire in 539 BC and invaded Egypt shortly after. Egypt was colonised by Greeks and made a province in the Roman empire after that before again being conquered and annexed by Iran during the very end of the classical period. The Iranians were invited to invade by the peoples who were enslaved in the Neo-Babylonian empire. They ended slavery and introduced an evidence based justice system which was welcomed by the masses who as individuals could previously be killed by noblemen without charge. The documented written historical record was began by these Indo-European peoples. It was previously not as well or correctly documented. Much of Modern religion and philosophy, including Chinese, derives from spiritual movements during the last millennium BC.The religions of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Zoroastrianism and Hellenism were created and recorded during the middle of this period.
All were somehow derived from the proto-Indo-European religion.
The god of thunder, the king of gods in heaven was called something like "Djeu" in the proto-Indo-European language. Its name morphed as follows:
Djeu->Deus
Djeu->Zeus
Djeu->Djeur->Tyr/Tor/Thor
Djeu + Pater (latin for father) ->Jupiter
Djeu->Indjeu?->Indra
Djeu->Dreun?->Perun
You may say that increased population density and advancements in technology aren't that good as that is the pattern we see today. The population density was still quite low by modern standards. The so called bronze age collapse and the events that followed increased the world population from around 50 million during the second millennium BC to 200 million early AD along with similar events in China. This was a quadrupling but still smaller than the current population of the United States.
You may associate increased population with a disadvantage for wildlife. There is a meme that an-prim peoples like Native Americans and Austroloids were at peace with nature; if it was so, it was because they killed all animals they weren't at peace with and took the consequences. Civilised low population density nations who's leaders think long term as in centuries must be much better at caring for wildlife than nations of less intelligent analytical people who just barely had languages that can be interpreted. Cuneiform was used in most of the middle east and the ancient Egyptian language would not be solved had the ancient Greek colonisers not made the Rosetta stone on which it is written in Egyptian with hieroglyphics, Egyptian with Greek letters and in plain Greek. The languages of the Indus valley culture and southern Europe have not been solved. Linear A may be solved but it was likely used by a people who spoke an Afro-Asiatic language.
The Greek alphabet which was created by Greeks during the last millennium BC was the predecessor of the Latin, Runic, Cyrillic, Armenian and Georgian alphabets which are used in much of the world. The Pahvlavi script was used in ancient Iran and the Brahmi script which was created and spread by Indo-Aryans was the predecessor to the alphabets of the whole modern Indosphere, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand and Cambodia. Even the Tibetan alphabet is derived from the Brahmi script. The Greek-Brahmi and Chinese derived scripts are used as the primary or secondary script in all countries today.
The Arabic script is used in several nations too but it appeared later, during the first millenium AD.
You may think that this is insensitive to earlier people from these places. Arabic and Hebrew were not written until the last millennium BC. Jews were saved from the so called Babylonian captivity by Iranians and the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates were as Arabic extensions of the Iranian Sassanid Empire which stretched from Turkestan to Egypt and Anatolia. These later Semitic people would not have existed had the Indo European peoples not exploited the weakness of the middle eastern bronze age nations who vulnerable due to draught and revolts besides possible ethnic inferiority. The Islamic architecture is a mere extension of Iranian and East Roman style; he first mosque in a style associated with mosques such as the contemporary ones was built like an east roman temple. Most advancements in the medieval Arab world were made by Iranians primarily and Christian Greek people secondarily. Muslims did not become the Majority in Iran or Egypt until around 1000 AD. The new nations were also more patriarchal in practice; The Proto-Indo-European culture was patriarchal, based on patrilinearity and replaced matrilinear societies of less adaptive and less competitively viable people in Europe and other places. Matriarchies must be weaker competitively than a patriarchal culture based on innovation, conquest and expansion.
The Iron age began a bit later in China than in the new Indo-European nations. The Chinese Zhou dynasty(1046-256 BC) is the period when when the similar advancements in metallurgy, writing and philosophy were made while the advancements in expansion, documenting and diplomacy were made during the Chinese Han dynasty(202 BC-220 AD), the height of ancient Chinese civilisation during which the writing script was advanced further. Contact between China and Japan and Korea were established during this period and the Chinese script was exported there, not to be made secondary to derived indigenous scripts for many centuries.
People are taught that the so called bronze age collapse was a bit of a tragedy in which civilisation was destroyed by barbarians but the Egyptians, Babylonians, and so on must have been spared until they disappeared centuries later after colonisation and cultural influence by Greece, Rome and Iran. It was really a victory for civilisation, humanity and the world. It may be taught as a tragedy because of Jews and Jewish creations like modern white guilt and feminist women in positions of power.
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